Using an untargeted NMR-based approach, we identified and quantified 44 metabolites from a total of 52 detected (Figure S1, Table S1), excluding those with poor signal quality in the H-NMR spectrum or technical artefacts such as residual methanol
Thiols Antioxidant capacity Thiols, molecules that contain a sulfhydyl (SH) side chain group, act as antioxidants, stabilizing free radicals by accepting their unpaired electron
Cancer treatment increasingly employs combination approaches that may include peptide-based targeted therapies alongside traditional chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy
and bovine colostrum provides growth factors (IGF-1, TGF-) that accelerate villous healing
The hypoxic state not only directly reduces the activity of certain drugs, but also activates the expression of a series of genes related to drug resistance by inducing upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) (Cabanos and Hata, 2021